Af that student performance and high stakes exams significantly increases post ban, by about and standard deviations respectively average. These are in performance are driven by the lowest-achieving students. This suggests that the unstructured presence of phones in 1990s effects on certain students and restricting their use can be a particular policy to reduce educational inequalities.

Louis-Philippe Beland l Richard Murphy

(2021 L. P., & Murphy, R. (2016). Ill Communication: Technology, distraction or student performance. Labour Economics, 41, 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2016.04.004